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Not Just For Vegetarians
Finally, some respect: Trendy restaurants and au courant chefs put vegetables in the center of their plates. Perhaps we should get a clue, and cue them up on ours.

By Nancy Ross Ryan

If broccoli could talk, one can well imagine an indignant stalk squawking: "I get no respect." And small wonder. Until recently, the American broccoli experience was confined to naked - but definitely not sexy - "steamed" broccoli, broccoli dressed in thick yellow cheese sauce, or the traditional Thanksgiving casserole of woefully overcooked chopped broccoli under a heavy blanket of cheese and buttered breadcrumbs. But this noble vegetable, native to Italy, has a history (as do other members of the vegetable kingdom). A recipe for broiled broccoli is found in the world's first cookbook, written by first-century Roman epicure Marcus Gavius Apicius. Broccoli is loaded with vitamins A and C, is low in calories, high in flavor, has cancer-preventing properties and is prepared with great verve in Italian and Chinese cuisines. But for decades, not only broccoli but most vegetables have been sidelined in the American diet. They did not become mainstream during the very serious, nutritionally correct health food movement of the '70s. And, even today, recent surveys in California, where more than half the produce consumed by the entire country is raised, found that people were eating fewer than the five recommended daily helpings of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Vegetables Center Stage
But now that chefs are getting into the act, vegetables in America are moving to the center of the plate. Consider the broccoli of Deborah Madison, cookbook author, food writer, farmers' market pioneer, and opening chef for Greens, the country's very first (1979) gourmet vegetarian restaurant in San Francisco. Madison prepares broccoli with respect: with roasted peppers, capers and olives; with wide green noodles, cauliflower and mustard butter; with garlic, red pepper flakes and Parmesan; with curry mayonnaise and mango chutney, and she even cooks the broccoli stems.

"Vegetables are finally coming into their own," says Madison, "for a number of reasons. Chefs have made these foods more interesting and beguiling - not just vegetables on the side. And nutritionists have been saying the obvious for so long: that vegetables and plant foods have a lot of good things to offer for our health. And certainly the quality of vegetables in the market place is greatly improved. But, perhaps just as important, is that people eat out so often these days. They become bored with the menu standards. They have eaten chicken and beef and salmon a million times. Vegetable dishes present an attractive and interesting alternative."

Caprial Pence, chef proprietor of Caprial's Bistro in Portland, Oregon, agrees: "Vegetables have moved to the forefront of my menu, instead of being relegated to side dishes. Diners are eating healthier, even when they dine out. More non-vegetarians are ordering vegetarian dishes. And my new cookbook is my fourth, but it is the first to have a chapter devoted to vegetarian dishes," she says.

David Beckwith, executive chef of Il Fornaio, Denver, agrees that "The role of vegetables has been changing, because chefs are becoming more inventive with their recipes. A plate of penne pasta with vegetables no longer suffices. Instead, we're offering layered eggplant with wild mushrooms and tofu, or unusual and exotic grilled vegetables. In return, diners are responding by ordering more vegetable appetizers and entrees."

Vegetable Degustations More and more chefs have not only vegetarian dishes on the regular menu but offer vegetarian prix fixe menus. Chef Sarah Stegner has offered a Vegetarian Degustation at the Dining Room, The Ritz-Carlton, Chicago, for years. And so has Alsatian-born Raymond Ost, chef proprietor of Sandrine's in Boston. His four-course Vegetarian Prix Fixe ($35) begins with a Mushroom Flammekueche. Flammekueche is light, thin, savory Alsatian pizza. Says Ost, "It was traditionally baked at the end of the day in the village oven from the leftover bread dough." Today Ost has a separate brick oven in his restaurant just for baking Flammekueche.

Instant or Intricate
Chefs' vegetable creations fall rather neatly into two camps: There are the simple and savory recipes - such as Madison's broccoli, Chicago Chef Paul Larson's Ginger-Infused Yams, and San Francisco Chef Carlo Middione's Taglioni ai Gallinacci - that any amateur could cook. Then there are the more challenging dishes that would lend themselves to festive dinners and at-home entertaining - Ost's Flammekueche and Chef Dwight Collins' Fresh Artichoke, Sweet Corn and Goat Cheese Tamales. Collins is executive chef at the Valley of the World Cafe, The National Steinbeck Center, Salinas, California. Although Collins' menu offers simpler preparations such as Grilled Vegetable Lasagne, Eggplant and Pepper Mufaletta Sandwich and Grilled Portobello Mushroom Sandwich, his signature tamales have been a huge success with customers. "I'm proud of the recipe, and people who have eaten the tamales say they are great."

The labor-intensive creations are often expensive on the menu. And therein lies the rub, says ever-outspoken Carlo Middione, cookbook author and chef-proprietor of Vivande restaurant in San Francisco. "Most vegetarians (some of my best friends are vegetarians) are nice rational people, but some can be a royal pain," he says. "If they wanted to eat sound, beautifully prepared vegetable dishes, I could happily cook for them all day long. But with that comes some problems. I say, 'How about a nice dish of polenta swirled with Gorgonzola and dotted with grilled chanterelles and surrounded by warm chopped heirloom tomatoes drizzled with fresh lemon vinaigrette, haricot verts, and braised baby onions?' 'That's great,' they say, 'but too expensive. Other diners can have lamb chops for the same price.' Forget the fact that I could toss lamb chops from three feet away onto the grill, squeeze lemon juice on them, plop some Parmesan mashed potatoes on a warm plate and get $22 for it. The vegetarian dish I just described is about 15 times more complicated and time consuming."

So Eat - and Cook - Your Veggies
So next time you go out to dine, order and eat one of the interesting vegetable concoctions on the menu. (And don't expect it to be cheap; remember the labor involved.) And to be sure you are getting your Five A Day, try preparing some of the chefs' recipes below.


Broccoli with Garlic, Red Pepper Flakes, and Parmesan
from Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone, by Deborah Madison

1-1/2 lbs. broccoli
3 Tbs. olive oil
2 garlic cloves, peeled, thinly sliced
1/4 tsp. red pepper flakes
Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste
Shaved Parmesan, as needed

Trim the broccoli into large florets with stems attached. Peel the stems and cut thick ones lengthwise in half so that the heat gets to them from inside and out. Cook broccoli in plenty of boiling salted water until tender, 5 to 7 minutes, then drain. Warm olive oil with garlic cloves in a large skillet until the garlic begins to color. Add the red pepper flakes, broccoli and salt and pepper to taste. Sauté until heated through. Turn into a heated dish and cover with paper-thin shavings of Parmesan. The heat of the broccli will soften the cheese and bring out its flavor.


Flammekueche
Chef Raymond Ost
Sandrine's, Cambridge, Mass.
Makes 6 10-inch Flammekueches, each serves four.

Dough:
1 Tbs. dry yeast
3/4 cup lukewarm water
2-1/2 cups flour
1/4 tsp. salt

Topping:
1/2 cup Fromage Blanc
1/2 cup sour cream
1-1/4 cups heavy cream
Pinch freshly grated nutmeg
White pepper, to taste
1/4 tsp. salt
1/8 cup vegetable oil
1 egg yolk
3 cups onions, caramelized
1 lb. mushrooms (domestic or a mix of exotic mushrooms), cleaned and chopped
Vegetable oil as needed
1/2 lb. grated Swiss cheese

To make dough:
Stir yeast into water until dissolved. In bowl of large mixer place flour and salt. Add water-yeast mixture, and mix with dough hook for 7 to 10 minutes. Add a few teaspoons of water if dough is too dry, more flour if the dough is too wet. Transfer dough to an oiled bowl; cover with plastic wrap; let rise in a warm place until doubled. Punch down and divide the dough into 6 equal pieces.

To make topping:
In large bowl mix together all ingredients except onions, mushrooms and cheese.
To caramelize onions, toss onions in bowl with 2 Tbs. vegetable oil. Spead on sheet pan. Bake in 350 degree oven until soft and golden brown. To prepare mushrooms, toss mushrooms in bowl with 2 Tbs. vegetable oil. Spread on sheet pan. Bake in 350 degree oven until cooked.

To make Flammekueche:
Preheat oven to 500°F. On floured surface, roll one piece of dough into 10-inch circle about 1/8-inch thick, making sure there is flour on both sides of the dough so it doesn't stick. Place on a lightly oiled cookie sheet. Repeat with remaining dough. Spread each dough circle with 1/2 cup cup of the topping. Sprinkle with 1/2 cup caramelized onions, one-sixth of the mushrooms and sprinkle with one-sixth of the Swiss cheese. Repeat with remaining dough and ingredients. Slide cookie sheets one at a time directly on the bottom of the oven and bake until Flammekueche is brown and crisp, about 10 minutes. Cut into squares and serve immediately. Repeat with remaining Flammekueche. One Flammekueche serves four.

Note: Fromage blanc is a fresh, mild, soft cheese with a sour cream like consistency. made by several artisinal American cheesemakers. All sour cream may be substituted for fromage blanc.


Fresh Artichoke, Sweet Corn and Goat Cheese Tamales
Chef Dwight Collins
National Steinbeck Center, Salinas, Calif.
Serves 12

15 dried corn husks

Filling:
4 large artichokes
Water and salt, as needed
3 cloves garlic, peeled
1 lemon, quartered
1 ear white or yellow sweet corn
1/4 pound creamy goat cheese
Salt and pepper, to taste

Masa:
2 cups masa harina
2 tsp. baking powder
1/4 tsp. salt
1 tsp. dried, roasted and ground chile de arbol, optional
2/3 cups butter or lard
2 cups reserved artichoke cooking liquid
To prepare corn husks: Place dried corn husks in boiling water. Weight with a plate; turn off heat and let steep, covered, 30 minutes. Although you will be using 12, extra husks are steamed for good measure and to make ties.

To make filling:
Trim bottom of artichokes flat. Place in a non-reactive pan; add water to cover artichokes two-thirds up. Add garlic cloves and quartered lemon. Bring to a boil. Cover tightly; reduce heat and simmer until tender, about 40 minutes. Drain; reserve2 cups cooking liquid to make masa. Remove artichokes to a plate and let cool.

When cool enough to handle, peel off outer artichoke leaves; reserve. Remove and discard choke and any attached thin, thorny leaves; reserve artichoke bottom. Using a spoon, scrape off all edible parts of the artichoke leaves into bowl. Chop the artichoke bottom and add. Cut raw corn from cob with knife and add kernels to artichoke pulp. Stir in goat cheese; mix well. Season with salt and pepper to taste.

To make masa:
Mix masa harina, baking powder, salt, and ground chili if desired, in bowl; set aside. In a separate mixing bowl, place butter or lard and whip on high speed until very light, about 2 minutes. Reduce speed to slow, and alternately add masa mix and reserved artichoke broth to form a dough. (Note: When a small ball of dough floats in cold water, the consistency is perfect. Quantity of artichoke broth will vary according to the moisture content of the butter, if used. Lard is more traditional and a more solid fat.)

To make tamales:
Remove corn husks, one by one from water. Remove excess water by patting with paper towel. Spread masa to side of one corn husk, leaving 2 inches at top and 1 inch at bottom clear. Place artichoke filling in center of masa. Roll into cylinder. Tie at both ends with string or sliver of corn husk.
Simplified method: Cut 12 12-x6-in. strips of aluminum foil. Spray one surface of each with vegetable oil spray. Spread masa vertically leaving 3 inches at top and bottom of strip; then spread from side to side, leaving 1 inch at each side. Place artichoke filling in center of masa. Fold sides of foil up so filling meets, and fold over two edges in 1/2-inch folds to seal. Twist bottom and top of foil to seal. Place tamales in steamer or on rack set over (but not in) boiling water in large pan. Steam for one hour. Unwrap; discard foil or corn husk, and garnish with salsa.

Note: Masa harina, ground chile de arbol and dried corn husks are available at Latin American grocery stores.


Ginger-Infused Yams
Chef Paul Larson, Hudson Club, Chicago
Serves 4 to 6

4 large yams
4 Tbs. unsalted butter
2 oz. honey
1 oz. piece fresh ginger, peeled
salt and pepper to taste

Pierce skins with knife, and bake yams in a pre-heated 350-400 degree oven until soft to the touch, about 1 hour. Remove skins and place yams in bowl of food processor or mixer bowl. While still hot, add butter and honey and process or whip to mix. Season to taste with salt and pepper. With small box grater, grate the fresh ginger and add to yams. Serve hot.


Taglioni ai Gallinacci - Pasta with Chanterelles
Adapted from Carlo Middione's Traditional Pasta (Ten-speed Press, 1996)

4 Tbs. extra-virgin olive oil
3 large cloves garlic, finely chopped
5 to 6 oz. chanterelle mushrooms, cleaned and cut into 1/2-inch dice
3/4 cup dry white wine
4 scallions, washed, trimmed and sliced 1/2-inches long
3 Tbs. coarsely chopped fresh Italian parsley
Sea salt to taste
Plenty of freshly ground black pepper
1-1/2 lbs. fresh tagliolini or 1 pound dry

Put the oil in a large sauté pan over medium heat. Add the garlic and mushrooma nd sauté until the garlic is a deep golden color. Stop the garlic from cooking by adding the wine. Reduce for about 3 minutes, so that the sauce is no longer liquid but is nicely moist. Add the scallions and parsley and combine well. Set aside the sauce.

Cook the pasta al dente and d rain, leaving about 2 to 3 tablespoons of water in it. Reheat the mushrooms if necessary. Mix the pasta with the sautéed ingredients. Serve immediately on heated plates.
Note: Cheese is called for in this dish.

Recommended reading:

  • Caprial's Bistro-Style Cuisine, by Caprial Pence (Publisher to come, 1998)
  • Simple Vegetarian Pleasures, by Jeanne Lemlin (HarperCollins, 1998)
  • Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone, by Deborah Madison (Broadway Books, 1997)
  • The Gathering Place, by Graham Kerr (Camano Press, 1997)
  • Real Vegetarian Thai, by Nancie McDermott (Chronicle Books, 1997)
  • The Vegetarian Hearth, by Darra Goldstein (HarperCollins, 1996)
  • Vegetarian Burgers, by Bharti Kirchner (HarperPerennial, 1996)
  • Lean Italian Meatless Meals, by Anne Casale (Ballantine Books, 1995)

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